{
  "upload_type": "dataset",
  "title": "Spain Reference Personas Frontier: Synthetic Population and Benchmark Substrate for AI Systems in Spain",
  "creators": [
    {
      "name": "Guerrero Manchón, Miguel"
    }
  ],
  "description": "Spain Reference Personas Frontier is an open synthetic reference population and benchmark substrate for evaluating and designing socially grounded AI systems for Spain. The release contains 1,000,000 synthetic adult personas, 536,741 linked households, 6,350,524 LLM-facing persona views, 1,000,000 actor-state initialization rows, 1,800 benchmark tasks, provenance metadata, evaluation metrics and governance documentation. It is not observed microdata and does not represent real individuals.",
  "access_right": "open",
  "license": "cc-by-4.0",
  "keywords": [
    "synthetic population",
    "personas",
    "Spain",
    "Spanish",
    "benchmark",
    "LLM evaluation",
    "civic AI",
    "socially grounded AI",
    "simulation",
    "AI4Good"
  ],
  "version": "0.1",
  "publication_date": "2026-03-20",
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.20113558",
  "related_identifiers": [
    {
      "identifier": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/apol/spain-reference-personas-frontier",
      "relation": "isSupplementTo",
      "scheme": "url"
    },
    {
      "identifier": "10.57967/hf/8742",
      "relation": "isAlternateIdentifier",
      "scheme": "doi"
    }
  ],
  "notes": "Synthetic reference population and benchmark substrate. Not observed microdata, not real individuals and not a substitute for fieldwork or administrative data."
}