observation_id,case_id,pathway_id,claim_id,metric_family,metric_name,value_low,value_best,value_high,value_operator,unit,denominator,unique_entity_status,platform,geographic_scope,measurement_window,measurement_method,causal_status,source_id,as_of_date,limitations
q-ro24-accounts,ro-2024-presidential-annulment,ata-ro24,clm-ro-011,production_or_engagement,accounts,,25000,,about,accounts,network_size,unknown,TikTok,Romania,final_two_weeks_before_2024_first_round,officially_reported,descriptive_only,src-ro-sri-csat-20241204,2026-08-11,"Account count is not exposure, unique people, persuasion, or votes."
q-ro25-accounts,ro-2025-presidential-repeat,ata-ro25,clm-ro-014,production_or_engagement,accounts,215,215,,at_least,accounts,analysed_network_sample,not_applicable,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Romania,2024-12_to_2025-06-06,researcher_measured,descriptive_only,src-ro-dfrlab-repeat-20250826,2026-08-11,Coordinated or apparently hijacked accounts in the studied set.
q-ro25-posts,ro-2025-presidential-repeat,ata-ro25,clm-ro-015,production_or_engagement,posts,,8514,,exact_in_sample,posts,content_volume,not_applicable,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Romania,2024-12_to_2025-06-06,researcher_measured,descriptive_only,src-ro-dfrlab-repeat-20250826,2026-08-11,Posts are not users or exposures.
q-ro25-views,ro-2025-presidential-repeat,ata-ro25,clm-ro-015,exposure_or_distribution,views,16000000,16000000,,at_least,views,platform_view_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Romania,2024-12_to_2025-06-06,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-ro-dfrlab-repeat-20250826,2026-08-11,Cross-platform views are not unique people and should not be summed with likes.
q-ro25-likes,ro-2025-presidential-repeat,ata-ro25,clm-ro-015,descriptive_context,likes,681000,681000,,at_least,likes,engagement_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Romania,2024-12_to_2025-06-06,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-ro-dfrlab-repeat-20250826,2026-08-11,Likes are not exposure or persuasion.
q-md24-fb-followers,md-2024-presidential-referendum,ata-md24,clm-md-014,descriptive_context,followers,,4200,,about,followers,page_followers,unknown,Facebook,Moldova,at_takedown_2024-10-11,platform_reported,descriptive_only,src-md-meta-threat-reporting,2026-08-11,Meta said most followers were outside Moldova or indicated fake engagement.
q-md24-ig-followers,md-2024-presidential-referendum,ata-md24,clm-md-014,descriptive_context,followers,,335000,,about,followers,account_followers,unknown,Instagram,Moldova,at_takedown_2024-10-11,platform_reported,descriptive_only,src-md-meta-threat-reporting,2026-08-11,Meta said most followers were outside Moldova or indicated fake engagement.
q-md25-accounts,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-015,production_or_engagement,accounts,,253,,exact_in_sample,accounts,analysed_network_sample,not_applicable,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_measured,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,"Sample, not the full operation."
q-md25-posts,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-016,production_or_engagement,posts,,28708,,exact_in_sample,posts,content_volume,not_applicable,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_measured,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,"Content count, not audience."
q-md25-views,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-016,exposure_or_distribution,views,,55367950,,exact_in_sample,views,platform_view_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,Cross-platform view events are non-unique and non-causal.
q-md25-likes,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-016,descriptive_context,likes,,2207894,,exact_in_sample,likes,engagement_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,Engagement is not belief or vote change.
q-md25-shares,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-016,descriptive_context,shares,,295608,,exact_in_sample,shares,engagement_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,Engagement is not belief or vote change.
q-md25-comments,md-2025-parliamentary-linked-network,ata-md25,clm-md-016,descriptive_context,comments,,239016,,exact_in_sample,comments,engagement_events,unknown,Facebook|Instagram|TikTok,Moldova,study_window,researcher_aggregated_platform_metrics,descriptive_only,src-md-dfrlab-infoleaders-20250924,2026-08-11,Engagement is not belief or vote change.
q-nh-attempts,us-nh-2024-biden-robocall,ata-nh,clm-nh-004,production_or_engagement,call_attempts,9581,9581,9581,exact,call_attempts,delivery_attempts,unknown,telecom,United States,campaign_window,provider_records_in_enforcement,descriptive_only,src-us-fcc-kramer-final-pdf-20240926,2026-08-11,"Attempts are not completed calls, listeners, unique recipients or voters."
q-nh-completed,us-nh-2024-biden-robocall,ata-nh,clm-nh-004,production_or_engagement,completed_calls,3978,3978,3978,exact,completed_calls,completed_call_records,unknown,telecom,United States,campaign_window,provider_records_in_enforcement,descriptive_only,src-us-fcc-kramer-final-pdf-20240926,2026-08-11,Completed calls are not necessarily unique listeners or persuaded voters.
q-nh-kramer-forfeiture-usd,us-nh-2024-biden-robocall,ata-nh,clm-nh-007,institutional_response,fine_forfeiture_usd,6000000,6000000,6000000,exact,fine_forfeiture_usd,separate_FCC_forfeiture_against_Steve_Kramer,not_applicable,Federal Communications Commission,United States,forfeiture_order_2024-09-26,official_enforcement_order,descriptive_only,src-us-fcc-kramer-final-pdf-20240926,2026-08-11,"This is the FCC forfeiture against Kramer, not the separate Lingo penalty and not a measure of electoral harm."
q-nh-lingo-civil-penalty-usd,us-nh-2024-biden-robocall,ata-nh,clm-nh-007,institutional_response,fine_civil_penalty_usd,1000000,1000000,1000000,exact,fine_civil_penalty_usd,separate_Lingo_Telecom_civil_penalty,not_applicable,Federal Communications Commission,United States,consent_decree_2024-08-21,official_consent_decree,descriptive_only,src-us-fcc-lingo-consent-202408,2026-08-11,"This is the separate Lingo Telecom civil penalty and compliance plan, not the Kramer forfeiture and not a measure of electoral harm."
q-us26-states-deepfake-laws,us-2026-midterms-preparedness,ata-usprep,clm-us26-002,descriptive_context,states_with_enacted_political_deepfake_laws,31,31,31,exact,states_with_enacted_political_deepfake_laws,United_States_states,not_applicable,state_legislation,United States,snapshot_2026-06-23,legislative_tracker_count,descriptive_only,src-us-ncsl-20260623,2026-08-11,"Snapshot count only. Enactment, effective date, scope, prohibitions, disclosure requirements and litigation status differ by state."
q-us26-reported-synthetic-ads,us-2026-campaign-deepfake-ads,ata-usads,clm-us26-010,descriptive_context,synthetic_ads_identified_in_reporting,3,3,,at_least,synthetic_ads_identified_in_reporting,named_ads_in_reviewed_reporting,not_applicable,multiple_campaign_channels,United States,reporting_through_2026-03-28,independent_reporting_content_count,descriptive_only,src-us-reuters-midterms-20260328,2026-08-11,"A lower-bound content count from reviewed reporting, not a census of campaign ads, impressions, targeting, unique exposure or electoral effects."
q-usca11-questions,us-ca11-2026-wiener-conniechan-chatbot,ata-usca11,clm-usca11-006,production_or_engagement,submitted_questions,5058,5058,5058,exact_campaign_report,submitted_questions,interaction_events,unknown,ConnieChan.ai,United States,first_27_hours,campaign_reported,descriptive_only,src-us-ca11-mission-20260807,2026-08-12,"Not users, conversations, district voters, impressions, accepted answers, or outcomes; repeated and adversarial prompts possible."
q-usca11-billboards,us-ca11-2026-wiener-conniechan-chatbot,ata-usca11,clm-usca11-001,descriptive_context,billboards,2,2,2,exact_campaign_report,billboards,promotional_placements,not_applicable,physical,United States,August_2026,campaign_reported,descriptive_only,src-us-ca11-sfgate-20260804,2026-08-12,No impression estimate is available.
q-usca11-retention-policy-days,us-ca11-2026-wiener-conniechan-chatbot,ata-usca11,clm-usca11-007,descriptive_context,maximum_conversation_retention_days,,90,,policy_maximum,maximum_conversation_retention_days,conversation_log_retention_policy,not_applicable,ConnieChan.ai,United States,privacy_policy_observed_2026-08-04,reporter_direct_observation_of_privacy_policy,descriptive_only,src-us-ca11-gazetteer-20260804,2026-08-12,The policy allowed retention for up to 90 days; this does not establish that every conversation was retained for 90 days or that staff reviewed any particular log.