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+ ---
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - feature-extraction
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+ tags:
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+ - ann-benchmark
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+ - vector-search
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+ - embeddings
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+ - cosine-similarity
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 1M<n<10M
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Cohere-1M Wikipedia 768-d Embeddings
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+
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+ Pre-computed 768-dimensional embeddings of 1M English Wikipedia articles, generated using Cohere's `embed-english-v2.0` (multilingual-22-12) model.
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+
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+ This dataset is used for ANN (Approximate Nearest Neighbor) benchmarking in the [QuIVer paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02171) (PVLDB Vol. 20, 2027).
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+
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+ ## Files
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+
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+ | File | Shape | Format | Description |
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+ |------|-------|--------|-------------|
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+ | `cohere_train.f32` | 1,000,000 × 768 | float32 raw binary | Base vectors (L2-normalized) |
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+ | `cohere_test.f32` | 1,000 × 768 | float32 raw binary | Query vectors (L2-normalized) |
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+ | `cohere_groundtruth.i32` | 1,000 × 1,000 | int32 raw binary | Ground truth top-1000 neighbor IDs (cosine) |
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import numpy as np
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+ from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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+
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+ # Download files
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+ train_path = hf_hub_download("YoKONCy/Cohere-1M-wikipedia-768d", "cohere_train.f32")
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+ test_path = hf_hub_download("YoKONCy/Cohere-1M-wikipedia-768d", "cohere_test.f32")
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+ gt_path = hf_hub_download("YoKONCy/Cohere-1M-wikipedia-768d", "cohere_groundtruth.i32")
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+
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+ # Load
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+ train = np.fromfile(train_path, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 768)
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+ test = np.fromfile(test_path, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 768)
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+ gt = np.fromfile(gt_path, dtype=np.int32).reshape(1000, -1)
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+
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+ print(f"Train: {train.shape}, Test: {test.shape}, GT: {gt.shape}")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Data Format
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+
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+ All files use **headerless raw binary format**:
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+ - `.f32`: contiguous `float32` values, row-major. File size = N × D × 4 bytes.
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+ - `.i32`: contiguous `int32` values, row-major. File size = Q × K × 4 bytes.
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+
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+ ## Source
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+
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+ Originally sampled from [Cohere/wikipedia-22-12-en-embeddings](https://cohere.com/) (now deprecated on HuggingFace). Vectors are L2-normalized for cosine similarity evaluation.
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{quiver2026,
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+ title = {QuIVer: Rethinking ANN Graph Topology via Training-Free Binary Quantization},
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+ author = {Xiao, Wenxuan and Wang, Zhiyou and Li, Chengcheng},
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+ journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.02171},
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+ year = {2026},
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+ url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02171}
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+ }
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+ ```