Context: where  is the mass of the object,  is the velocity of the object and  is the distance to the center of the circular path and  is the unit vector pointing in the radial direction outwards from the center. This means that the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path. Such forces act perpendicular to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object, and therefore do not change the speed of the object (magnitude of the velocity), but only the direction of the velocity vector. The unbalanced force that accelerates an object can be resolved into a component that is perpendicular to the path, and one that is tangential to the path. This yields both the tangential force, which accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up, and the radial (centripetal) force, which changes its direction.

Question: Where does centripetal force go?

Question: How do centripetal forces act in relation to vectors of velocity?

Question: What force changes an objects direction of travel?

Question: What is another word for centripetal force?

Question: What is resposible for speeding up or slowing down an object?


Context: A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms. This means that for a closed system, the net mechanical energy is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on the system. The force, therefore, is related directly to the difference in potential energy between two different locations in space, and can be considered to be an artifact of the potential field in the same way that the direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to be an artifact of the contour map of the elevation of an area.

Question: What is the only form potential energy can change into?

Question: What is the only form kinetic energy can change into?

Question: What is preserved in a closed system of forces when acted upon?

Question: What is the force between two locations related to?

Question: What is the force called rgarding a potential field between two locations?


Context: For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates. For example, friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms, but manifests as a force model that is independent of any macroscale position vector. Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces, tension, compression, and drag. However, for any sufficiently detailed description, all these forces are the results of conservative ones since each of these macroscopic forces are the net results of the gradients of microscopic potentials.

Question: What is sometimes impossible to model?

Question: Why are some forces due to that are impossible to model?

Question: What do electrostatic gradiient potentials create?

Question: Tension, compression, and drag are what kind of forces?


Context: The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics. In macroscopic closed systems, nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics, nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases.

Question: In what treatment are nonconservative and conservative forces described?

Question: What changes macroscopic closed system energies?

Question: What is the exchange of heat associated with?

Question: What is the law of thermodynamics associated with closed system heat exchange?

Question: What makes energy changes in a closed system?


Context: The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass. The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that accelerates at 1 m·s−2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf. The kilogram-force is not a part of the modern SI system, and is generally deprecated; however it still sees use for some purposes as expressing aircraft weight, jet thrust, bicycle spoke tension, torque wrench settings and engine output torque. Other arcane units of force include the sthène, which is equivalent to 1000 N, and the kip, which is equivalent to 1000 lbf.

Question: What is the metric term less used than the Newton?

Question: What is the kilogram-force sometimes reffered to as?

Question: What is a very seldom used unit of mass in the metric system?

Question: What seldom used term of a unit of force equal to 1000 pound s of force?

Question: What is the seldom used force unit equal to one thousand newtons?