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204486095 | 205328558 | SOME BRITISH FASHIONS
Gir.H. | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328597 | BRITAIN
AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328636 | ‘Piping aboard’ ceremony on H.M.S. Lion | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328649 | BRITAIN
AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
PREPARED BY
THE CENTRAL OFFICE OF INFORMATION, LONDON
1 967 EDITION
London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: 1967 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328662 | © Crown copyright 19^7
Printed and published by
HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE
To be purchased from
49 High Holborn, London w.c.i
423 Oxford Street, London w.i
13A Castle Street, Edinburgh 2
109 St. Mary Street, Cardiff
Brazennose Street, Manchester 2
50 Fairfax Street, Bristol 1
35 Smallbrook, Ringway, Birmingham 5
8... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328675 | Contents
Page
INTRODUCTION
ix
1. THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
i
The Physical Background
!
The Demographic Background
6
2. GOVERNMENT
25
General Survey
2 s
The Monarchy
26
Parliament
o Q
The Privy Council
Her Majesty’s Government
^2
Government Departments
46
The Civil Service
62
Local Government
68
The Fire Service
3. LAW AN... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328688 | ii. INDUSTRY
Organisation and Production
Fuel and Power
Water Supply
Construction
Manufacturing Industries
Page
246
246
263
279
282
285
12. AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY
Agriculture
Fisheries
Forestry
3
11
33°
333
[3. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
Shipping
Inland Transport
Civil Aviation
The Post Office
337
337
34... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328701 | DIAGRAMS
Birth Rates and Death Rates in the United Kingdom
Expectation of Life at Birth in England and Wales
The Royal Family: Genealogical Tree
Organisation of the National Health Service
Changes in National Expenditure 1956 to 1965
Public and Private Fixed Investment 1956 and 1965
Personal Income and Expenditure, 196... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328714 | Agriculture
Newspaper Production
Transport
Industrial Safety
Montreal Exhibition
Northern Ireland
Sport
facing page
247
358
betzveen pages 358 and 359
359
454
between pages 454 and 455
455
Acknowledgment is made for end-papers design to Miss Doreen Roberts and for photographs to Walter
Frentz for Carbisdale Castle (fac... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328727 | Introduction
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK, 1967, is the eighteenth in the series
prepared and extensively revised each year by the Reference Division of the
Central Office of Information with the co-operation of other government
departments and of many national organisations.
The handbook, which is the mainstay of the... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328740 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328753 | 1
I
THE LAND AND THE
PEOPLE
THE PHYSICAL BACKGROUND
The British Isles form a group lying off the north-west coast of Europe with
a total area of about 121,600 square miles. The largest islands are Great
Britain proper (comprising the mainlands of England, Wales and Scotland)
and Ireland (comprising Northern Ireland and... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328766 | Geology and
Topography
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
rather over 300 miles across in the widest part. Owing to the numerous bays
and inlets no point in the British Isles is as much as 75 miles from tidal water.
The seas surrounding the British Isles are everywhere shallow—usually less
than 50 fathoms (300 feet)—because... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328779 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
Climate
Winds
3
lay distributed widely over the lower ground. The ice had blocked up previous
drainage channels and left large lakes, which have since gradually dried up,
leaving deposits of sand, silt and mud, often affording soils of great fertility.
In Ireland, where the solid rocks are cover... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328792 | 4
Temperature
Rainfall
Sunshine
Visibility
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
east. The strongest winds usually occur in the winter; the average speed at
Lerwick, Shetland Islands, varies from about 22 m.p.h. in January to about
14 m.p.h. in August, while at Kew Observatory, on the western outskirts of
London, the average s... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328805 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
Soil and
Vegetation
Fauna
5
other centres of population. Since then, as a result of changes in fuel usage
and the operation of clean air legislation, these fogs have become much less
severe.
Many parts of the surface of Highland Britain have only thin, poor soils,
with the result that large stre... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328818 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
there are foxes in most rural areas, and otters are found along many rivers
and streams. Both common and grey seals may be seen on various parts of
the coast, though not usually in the same localities. Smaller mammals include
mice, rats, voles, shrews, hedgehogs, moles, squirrels (the impo... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328831 | Vital Statistics
and Population
Censuses
THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
y
It is neither possible nor suitable to attempt in this chapter to estimate the
relative importance of various early peoples—pre-Celts, Celts, Romans,
Anglo-Saxons and the Norsemen, including the Danes—in the ancestry of the
present English, Scots, Welsh... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328844 | 8
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
birthplace and nationality, age and marital condition, housing tenure and
household arrangements and also reports on incidence of Welsh speaking
in Wales and Monmouthshire and on scientific and technological qualifications.
Further tables have been published on household composition, occ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328857 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
9
Mortality
Causes
BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES
After the first world war the birth rate fell to less than half the nineteenth
century rate. Even so, the population continued to increase slowly, though
its average age rose more rapidly.
Owing to the changing age composition, the general death rat... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328870 | Marriage
Fertility Trends
A ge
Distribution
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Mortality from acute infectious diseases and from tuberculosis, and infant
and maternal mortality have declined very sharply. Mortality from the main
acute infectious diseases of childhood is less than a two-hundredth and
mortality from tuberculo... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328883 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
II
Sex Ratio
Migration
At mid-1965 the age distribution of the British population was estimated
as follows:
Under 15
23-3 per cent
15 to 64
64-7 per cent
65 and over
..
..
12-0 per cent
An unusually small proportion of the population of the United Kingdom
(about 25 per cent) is now aged 20 to 39... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328896 | 12
Nationality
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
West Indies. It was in these circumstances that the Government introduced
the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, which gave it power to restrict
the number of people from the Commonwealth and, in principle, the Irish
Republic who may immigrate into the United Kingdom without ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328909 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
!3
A citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies does not forfeit his citizen-
ship by acquiring or possessing the nationality or citizenship of another
country; nor does a woman who is a citizen of the United Kingdom and
Colonies lose her citizenship by marriage to an alien. Indeed, a citizen ca... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328922 | H
TABLE 1
POPULATIONS
1901-1965 a
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
ENGLAND
TPersons
(excluding
J Males
Monmouth- | Females
shire)
(
J 1
1901
MONMOUTH- •! Males
SHIRE
l Females
SCOTLAND
( Persons
4 Males
l Females
30,509,234
14,714,157
15,795,077
2,018,609
1,014,456
1,004,153
4,472,103
2,173,755
2,298,348
GREAT
BRITAIN
Per... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328935 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
15
Urban Dispersal
Throughout Britain the population is predominantly urban and suburban,
although there may be access to large parks, commons and other expanses
of open country within the urban area.
During the nineteenth century the labour demands of newly developing
industry drew great number... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328948 | i6
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
TABLE 2
Distribution of
the Population®
Urban and rural districts
England and Wales:
Urban districts
Rural districts
Scotland:
Cities and burghs .
Landward areas
Northern Ireland:
Urban districts
Rural districts
Standard^ regions of England and
Wales:
North
East and West Ridings
Yorkshi... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328961 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
17
TABLE 2 {contd.)
Language
SOCIAL LIFE
Number and
Composition of
Households
Area in
square
miles 6
Thousands
1931
1951
1961
1965
Liverpool
Manchester
Newcastle upon Tyne
Nottingham
Sheffield
Stoke on Trent
43-5
42-6
17-3
28-7
61-9
35-8
856
766
283
269
512
277
789
703
292
306
513
275
746
662
27... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328974 | Household
Arrangements
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Of the 16J million private households in Great Britain in 1961, 13,475,000
were estimated on the basis of the 1961 census to be of the simplest type,
comprising married couples, single people or lone parents with their children,
if any, and resident domestic servants... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205328987 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
Incomes,
Leisure and
Opportunitie s
19
an old person or a maternity case. Nowadays wives can normally expect some
help with household tasks from their husbands.
Much of the drudgery has been reduced by changes in habits and equipment,
for example the relative popularity of easily cleaned plastic... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329000 | 20
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
education to the age of 20 or beyond. Four-fifths of all university under-
graduates in Great Britain in 1961-62 were ‘first generation’ students, neither
of whose parents had had a university education (one-fifth of the total had
fathers who were manual workers). None the less, childre... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329013 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
21
Home Interests
Television and
Reading Matter
A considerable proportion of people’s free time and money is spent in and
on their own homes. On a weekday evening roughly seven in eight of the
adult population are at home. More demanding standards of home comfort
are evidenced by the sharp incre... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329026 | Outside the Home
Betting
Entertainments
Britain: an official handbook
dealing with sports to journals of opinion on social, political, scientific and
economic affairs (all of which command circulations in the tens of thousands),
and including ‘fan’ magazines about current ‘pop’ music favourites, do-it-
yourself and gar... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329039 | THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE
Clubs and Groups
Holidays
23
many people; the attendance at the Arts Council Picasso Exhibition in i960
remains a record (close on half a million).
Dancing is popular, especially with those under 25 years of age; it is
thought that about six million people go dancing every week. There are
estima... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329052 | 24
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Private Transport
The Changing
Face of Britain
of holidays abroad may be attributable to several factors besides rising
incomes; the attraction of a warmer climate, which make Spain and Italy
the most sought-after destinations for British tourists, the many charter and
other airline ser... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329065 | 2
25
GOVERNMENT
GENERAL SURVEY
The United Kingdom is a monarchical State, whose origins and traditions
are to be found in the history of each of its four component parts: England,
Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. England was unified under a Saxon
king in the ninth century; Wales became part of that kingdom and Ire... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329078 | 26
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
of development towards full self-government. The United Kingdom is also
one of the independent member nations of the Commonwealth, 1 which all
acknowledge the Queen as the symbol of their free association and, as such,
the head of the Commonwealth; most of these independent countries ow... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329091 | THE ROYAL FAMILY
From the reign of Queen Victoria up to September 1966
GOVERNMENT
27
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204486095 | 205329104 | 28
Succession
Accession
Coronation
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
The form of the royal title is varied for the other member nations of the
Commonwealth which owe allegiance to the Crown, to suit the particular
circumstances of each.
The seat of the monarchy is in the United Kingdom, the Queen being
represented by a Gov... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329117 | Acts of
Government
GOVERNMENT
29
in the United Kingdom, of the Prime Ministers and leading members of the
other Commonwealth countries and of representatives of foreign States.
The Queen is the personification of the State. In law, she is the head of the
executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the j... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329130 | 3°
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
informed and consulted on every aspect of the national life. The Queen
holds meetings of the Privy Council, gives audiences to her ministers and
other holders of office at home and overseas, receives accounts of Cabinet
decisions, reads dispatches and signs innumerable State papers.
Suc... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329143 | GOVERNMENT
The Meeting
Parliament
31
Commons are summoned by the Queen to the House of Lords. As a law-
making organ of State, however, Parliament is a corporate body and cannot
legislate without the concurrence of all its parts (except in the case of Bills
passed under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949).
The Parliamen... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329156 | 32
The House of
Lords
Britain: an official handbook
The time between the meeting of a Parliament and its prorogation or
dissolution is called a session. Parliament is usually prorogued by a com-
mission under the Great Seal (see p. 29), which appoints the day and place
of its meeting in a new session. The date so appoi... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329169 | GOVERNMENT
The House of
Commons
Parliamentary
Electoral
System
33
The House of Lords is presided over by the Lord Chancellor, who sits
on the woolsack and is ex officio Speaker of the House. The Crown, by
commission under the Great Seal, appoints several members of the House
to act as deputy speakers in the absence of ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329182 | 34
Parliamentary
Privilege
The Party
System
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
to vote. Those eligible to vote in any constituency are those who are recorded
on the register 1 of electors for the constituency as resident in that constituency
on a date fixed by statute. Each elector may cast one vote, normally in person
at a... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329195 | GOVERNMENT
35
general election or a by-election, the parties may put up candidates for
election; any other citizen who wishes may also stand. The electorate then
indicates, by its choice of candidate at the poll on election day, which of the
opposing policies it would like to see put into effect.
The party which wins t... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329208 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
for the Government party), whose duties include maintaining the voting
strength of their parties by ensuring the attendance of members at important
debates. The Opposition Whips have no official position, but the Government
Chief Whip in the House of Commons is the Parliamentary Secretary ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329221 | GOVERNMENT
37
Legislation
in debate, and to save the time of the House in various other respects. In
cases of grave disorder, he has power to adjourn the House or suspend the
sitting on his own initiative.
Voting in the House of Commons is carried out under the direction of the
Speaker, and it is his duty to pronounce ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329234 | 38
Parliamentary
Committees
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
which the committee’s amendments may be altered, additional amendments
may be suggested and incorporated, and, if necessary, the Bill may be
recommitted to committee. Finally, it is submitted for a Third Reading and,
if passed, is sent on from the Commons to the... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329247 | GOVERNMENT
Delegated
Legislation
39
duties of the House concerning the grant of public money and the levying
of taxation.
There are two other main kinds of parliamentary committee, both of
which exist to relieve their parent House of some of its more specialised and
complex work. They are:
1. Standing Committees, which... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329260 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
in the more important cases, gives Parliament the right to confirm or annul the
statutory instruments 1 (rules and orders) by which delegated legislation is
enacted. Certain Acts also require direct consultation, before such legislation
is made, with organisations which will be affected by... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329273 | GOVERNMENT
41
The Northern
Ireland
Parliament
Procedure and
Functions
The Parliament of Northern Ireland consists of the Sovereign, a Senate and
a House of Commons. The Sovereign is represented in Northern Ireland by
a Governor, who summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament in Her
Majesty’s name; the Senate is compos... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329286 | 42
Committees of
the Privy
Council
Judicial Committee
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
form of delegated legislation. Members of the Privy Council attending
meetings at which Orders in Council are made do not thereby become
personally responsible for the policy upon which the orders are based, this
rests with the minister... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329299 | GOVERNMENT
43
Composition
Prime Minister
Departmental
Ministers
Non-Departmen tal
Ministers
Lord Chancellor
and Law Officers
Ministers of Defence
Ministers of State
Junior Ministers
The majority of ministers are members of the House of Commons. There
are, however, always some ministers in the House of Lords, partly bec... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329312 | 44
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
The Prime
Minister
The Cabinet
Cabinet
Meetings
The head of the Government became known as the Prime Minister during
the eighteenth century. The unique position of authority enjoyed by the
holder of this office derives from his ability to command a majority in
Parliament and from his po... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329325 | GOVERNMENT
45
Ministerial
Responsibility
have been in existence for 50 1 years they may be made available for inspection
in the Public Record Office) and a resigning minister desiring to make a
statement involving disclosure of Cabinet discussions must first obtain the
permission of the Sovereign through the Prime Mini... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329338 | 4 6
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Internal
Organisation
The individual responsibility of a minister for the work of his department
means that, as political head of that department, he is answerable for all its
acts and omissions and must bear the consequences of any defect of admin-
istration, any injustice to an indiv... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329351 | GOVERNMENT
47
Advisory Bodies
Distribution of
Functions
The Cabinet
Office
its duties there are variations in internal organisation. Most departments,
however, have certain features in common: for example, the minister of a
major department is likely to have at the head of his officials a permanent
secretary (known as ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329364 | 4 8
Central
Statistical
Office
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Cabinet meetings, circulating the minutes to members of the Cabinet (and a
limited number of other ministers and officials), keeping in touch with the
progress of action on Cabinet decisions and safeguarding the security of all
Cabinet documents. The Cabinet ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329377 | GOVERNMENT
49
Parliamentary
Counsel to the
Treasury
The Ministry of
Agriculture,
Fisheries and
Food
Ordnance Survey
The Ministry of
Aviation
The Office of the Parliamentary Counsel is responsible for the drafting of
all government Bills, except those Bills or provisions of Bills extending
exclusively to Scotland, which... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329390 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
air navigation. The Minister appointed the members of the nationalised airline
corporations and dealt with various policy and financial questions affecting
them. He also appointed the members of the Air Transport Licensing Board.
The Ministry’s defence responsibilities include the research... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329403 | GOVERNMENT
The Meteorological
Office
5i
Navy co-ordinates personnel matters and logistics and deals with problems of
administrative rationalisation; and the Minister for the Royal Air Force
co-ordinates research, development and production, and the defence budget
for the three Services.
The Meteorological Office provid... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329416 | The Forestry
Commission
The General
Register Office
The Ministry of
Health
The Home
Office
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
other international bodies 1 and is kept informed of developments in foreign
countries; by which British subjects and interests abroad are protected and
trade promoted; and by which British policy is... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329429 | GOVERNMENT
53
The Ministry of
Housing
and Local
Government
The Central
Office of
Information
The Board of
Inland Revenue
control and naturalisation of aliens; and general questions and individual
cases relating to British nationality and citizenship of the United Kingdom
and Colonies.
Other matters for which the Home O... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329442 | 54
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
The Ministry of
Labour
The Law
Officers’
Department
certain other direct taxes, and advises the Chancellor of the Exchequer on any
matters connected with them. It is also responsible for the valuation of real
property for such purposes as compensation for compulsory purchase, local
rate... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329455 | Windsor Castle—a royal residence
near London.
BRITISH CASTLES
Carbisdale Castle, now a
Scottish Youth Hostel.
St. Donat’s Castle, South Wales,
houses the first Atlantic College,
where boys of different
nationalities study together. | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329468 | NATIONAL PARKS
Chanctonbury Ring, Sussex, part of a recently
designated area of outstanding natural beauty.
Wolfscote Dale, in the Peak District National Park, which was awarded a
European Diploma for Protected Landscape in 1966. | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329481 | GOVERNMENT
The Lord
Chancellor’s
Departments
The Ministry of
Overseas
Development
The Paymaster
General’s Office
55
The Chancellorship is a legislative, judicial and executive office held by an
eminent ex-member of the Bench or of the Bar and carrying Cabinet rank.
In addition to his functions as Speaker of the House o... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329494 | 5 6
The Post Office
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
means of payable orders drawn on the Paymaster General s Office, these are
similar to cheques, and their recipients obtain payments through the com-
mercial banks, whose accounts at the Bank of England are in turn reimbursed
by the Paymaster General’s Office.
The depart... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329507 | GOVERNMENT
The Ministry of
Public Building
and Works
The Ministry of
Social Security
57
Solicitor, who reports annually to the Statute Law Committee (a body
appointed by the Lord Chancellor from among the judiciary and legal
profession in England and Scotland) on its work.
Some government departments are wholly depende... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329520 | 58
The Stationery
Office
The Ministry of
Technology
The Board of
Trade
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Ireland and, through its various agencies, in other countries overseas. The
Ministry maintains an office in Ottawa to serve pensioners in North America.
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, responsible to the Chancellor of ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329533 | GOVERNMENT
59
The Ministry of
Transport
The Welsh
Office
SCOTLAND
central place at which knowledge about them is accumulated, analysed, and
used as a basis for advising ministers and other departments. The main
industries which fall outside the scope of the Board of Trade’s specific
concern are food, agriculture and fi... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329546 | 6o
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
The Department
of Agriculture
and Fisheries
for Scotland
The Scottish
Development
Department
The Scottish
Education
Department
The Scottish
Home and
Health
Department
The day-to-day administration of the departments is conducted in
Edinburgh, but each department has representatives in L... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329559 | GOVERNMENT
6l
Other
Administrative
Departments
The Law
Officers and
Legal
Departments
NORTHERN
IRELAND
The Prime
Minister’s
Department
Health Service. Its work in connection with the associated welfare services
includes the supervision of local arrangements for the aged and handicapped,
and medical and surgical treatme... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329572 | 62
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
The Ministry of The Ministry of Commerce is concerned with industrial information and
Commerce
statistical services; the progress of industrial production and trade in
Northern Ireland; the development of existing enterprises and the attraction
of new ones; and the administration of sch... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329585 | GOVERNMENT
Development of
the Modern
Civil Service
Control of the
Service
Civil Service
Classes
63
Although the civil servant is legally a servant of the Crown, in practice he
serves the minister in charge of the department in which he works by advising
on the formulation of policy; by carrying out policy decisions and... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329598 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
existing policy and for forecasting the probable effects of new measures
and regulations. This relatively small class numbers about 2,500, new
entrants come from the universities but civil servants from other classes
may be promoted to the administration class and currently about 40 per
ce... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329611 | GOVERNMENT
The Northern
Ireland Civil
Service
Public Services
of Overseas
Dependent
Territories
Recruitment of
Staff
Training after
Entry
65
branches. Various specialists and advisers from home departments or the
armed forces may serve at overseas posts on secondment or attachment to the
Diplomatic Service.
The Governm... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329624 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
department to department, in order that they may gain as wide an experience
as possible of Civil Service activities, and there are openings for selected
officers to travel abroad or to study at universities, technical colleges and
other educational establishments. Facilities are provided f... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329637 | GOVERNMENT
Political and
Private
Activities
Security
67
year. Sick leave on full pay, less any national insurance benefit received,
may be granted to permanent civil servants for up to six months in any twelve
months, and on reduced pay up to a maximum of one year’s sick leave in any
four years; any officer whose healt... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329650 | 68
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL FIANDBOOK
Each government department is responsible for its own internal security
and the Security Service, which operates independently under a Director-
General who is responsible for its efficiency to the Home Secretary, deals
with national security. In addition, there is a Security Commissio... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329663 | GOVERNMENT
Constitution
and Election
Councils
69
counties and independent of them. The administrative counties are sub-
divided into county districts—non-county boroughs, urban districts and rural
districts, the last-named being further divided into parishes 1 (except in
Northern Ireland). Scotland is divided into coun... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329676 | BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
to that for parliamentary elections, although facilities for postal voting are more
restricted. Each elector has one vote for each seat contested in his electoral
area; he need not record all his votes, but must not give more than one vote
for each candidate.
Most candidates for election a... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329689 | GOVERNMENT
71
elsewhere, the county councils, the town councils and the district councils
all share in local government work. In Northern Ireland the position is
broadly similar to that in England and Wales, except that local authorities
are not called upon to provide or administer police, civil defence or (except in
B... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329702 | 7 2
Officers and
Employees
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
committees are appointed to carry out the detailed administration of the
various services. Parish councils and the smaller district councils are often
able to do their work efficiently in full session although they appoint
committees from time to time, when any s... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329715 | GOVERNMENT
73
capacity; and manual workers who are employed to do the physical work for
which the council is responsible. Senior staff appointments are usually made
at the instance of the committee or committees particularly concerned;
most junior appointments are made by heads of departments, who are also
responsible ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329728 | 74
Rates
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
exceptionally high or low densities of population. The total amount of grant
in any year is fixed in advance, after consultation between the ministers and
the local authority associations.
In Northern Ireland there is a system of grants towards the cost of specific
services (for e... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329741 | GOVERNMENT
75
Loans
Control of Finance
FIRE
AUTHORITIES IN
GREAT BRITAIN
on functions exercised by the county council throughout the county, including
the burgh. In Northern Ireland county councils are responsible for making,
levying and collecting the rates, except in such parts of the county as fall within
the jurisd... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329754 | ?6
Central Control
Establishment
Schemes
Equipment
Operational
Methods
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
councils care to make such arrangements in the interests of the efficiency of
the service. The Greater London Council is the fire authority for the Greater
London Fire Brigade. In Scotland the local authorities are grou... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<alto xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/standards/alto/v3/alto.xsd"><Description><MeasurementUnit>pixel</MeasurementUnit><sourceImageInformation><fileName>./data/pdfs/204486095.pdf</fileName></sourceImageInformation><OCRProcessing ID="IdOcr"><ocrProcessingStep><processingDateTime>Wed Nov ... | true | true | |
204486095 | 205329767 | Fire Losses
Personnel
Finance
GOVERNMENT
77
officer has at his disposal a staff of whole-time officers and men, often
supplemented—particularly in country areas—by part-time officers and men;
and he is responsible for mobilising this force in the strength necessary for
dealing with any outbreaks of fire in his division... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329780 | ?8
Fire Prevention
Research
FIRE SERVICES
IN NORTHERN
IRELAND
Finance
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Side by side with fire-fighting operations, fire authorities have important
responsibilities in respect of fire prevention. They have a statutory obligation
to maintain adequate arrangements for giving advice about fire ... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329793 | 3
LAW AND ORDER
79
THE LAW
Although the United Kingdom is a unitary state, it does not have a single
body of law applicable universally within its limits; and in England and
Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, respectively, separate systems are in
force (see p. 25). There are, however, similarities between the syste... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329806 | 8o
CRIMINAL LAW
IN ENGLAND
AND WALES
Criminal Courts
Magistrates’
Courts
Quarter Sessions
Assizes
BRITAIN : AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
concerned with the rights, duties and obligations of individual members of
the community between themselves.
The courts of ordinary criminal jurisdiction in England and Wales include.
magistr... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329819 | Crown Courts
The Central
Criminal Court
Criminal
Appeals
Proceedings
Before Trial
Prosecutions
Arrest
LAW AND ORDER
8l
In Liverpool and Manchester, Crown Courts act both as quarter sessions for
the two cities and as assize courts for South Lancashire. The courts are
presided over by the Recorders of Liverpool and Manch... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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204486095 | 205329832 | 82
BRITAIN: AN OFFICIAL HANDBOOK
Trial
prosecuted for an offence, no further questions relating to that offence may
be put by the police, save in exceptional circumstances for the purpose of
preventing or minimising harm or loss to any person or to the public, or for
clearing up an ambiguity in a previous answer or sta... | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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