# ELDOR Data

- Public dataset name: `ELDOR`
- Paper: [ELDOR: A Dataset and Benchmark for Illegal Gold Mining in the Amazon Rainforest](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15397)
- PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.15397
- Local dataset root: `GoldMDD/data`
- Output folders: `train/image`, `train/label`, `val/image`, `val/label`, `test/image`, `test/label` (copied from `GoldMining/Data/Orthomosaic` and `GoldMining/Data/Label`).
- Source folders: `Drone_Orthomosaic_V1/Orthomosaic_org` and `Drone_Orthomosaic_V1/Just_labels`
- Matching rule: label to orthomosaic by filename mapping, then crop/reproject label to orthomosaic grid.
- Canonical labels: 14 semantic classes (`1..14`) plus `0=Background` after class merging in ELDOR.
- Split rule in this dataset: train/val/test assignment is listed in the `Split` column of the spatial metadata table.

## Citation

```bibtex
@article{cui2026eldor,
  title={ELDOR: A Dataset and Benchmark for Illegal Gold Mining in the Amazon Rainforest},
  author={Cui, Kangning and Bohara, Surendra and Prasai, Suraj and Shao, Zishan and Tang, Wei and Pillaca, Martin and Flores, Edwin and Yang, Zhen and Larsen, Gregory and Dethier, Evan and Lutz, David and Morel, Jean-Michel and Silman, Miles and Pauca, Victor and Yang, Fan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.15397},
  year={2026}
}
```

## Spatial metadata table (source files + aligned output)

| Site | Ortho file | Label source file | CRS | Ortho size (W x H px) | Label size (W x H px) | Ortho res (m/px x,y) | Label res (m/px x,y) | Ortho lon range | Ortho lat range | Label lon range | Label lat range | Output size (W x H px) | Foreground area (ha) | Acquisition date | Split |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- |
| AcumulacionAaron2B | `AcumulacionAaron2B_corrected.tif` | `AcumulacionAaron2B_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 38122x17643 | 38111x17760 | 0.056308, 0.056308 | 0.056323, 0.055936 | [-70.419597, -70.399788] | [-12.627643, -12.618558] | [-70.419597, -70.399788] | [-12.627643, -12.618558] | 38122x17643 | 212.0501 | 2022-04-24 | train |
| Anel | `Anel_corrected.tif` | `Anel_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 26909x24725 | 17662x17661 | 0.056620, 0.056620 | 0.058580, 0.059049 | [-69.714044, -69.699976] | [-12.713767, -12.701071] | [-69.711529, -69.701974] | [-12.711964, -12.702509] | 18274x18420 | 102.7175 | 2022-04-08 | test |
| Clavelito | `Clavelito_corrected.tif` | `Clavelito_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 19865x40307 | 19357x39684 | 0.075601, 0.075601 | 0.076376, 0.076781 | [-70.605945, -70.591929] | [-12.961391, -12.933761] | [-70.605944, -70.592143] | [-12.961387, -12.933761] | 19556x40304 | 344.5330 | 2022-05-09 | val |
| ElEngano | `ElEngano_corrected.tif` | `ElEngano_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 23616x24742 | 17473x17473 | 0.057233, 0.057233 | 0.057566, 0.058201 | [-69.962478, -69.949966] | [-13.020161, -13.007312] | [-69.960769, -69.951459] | [-13.018407, -13.009178] | 17575x17770 | 101.2404 | 2022-03-03 | test |
| Kotsimba | `Kotsimba_corrected.tif` | `Kotsimba_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 57331x53961 | 57227x53950 | 0.072760, 0.072760 | 0.072889, 0.072771 | [-70.283655, -70.244998] | [-13.136635, -13.100951] | [-70.283654, -70.244999] | [-13.136634, -13.100952] | 57328x53959 | 693.7270 | 2022-05-26 | train |
| Linda | `Linda2_corrected.tif` | `Linda_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 23601x23698 | 17352x17352 | 0.057632, 0.057632 | 0.059290, 0.059408 | [-69.953378, -69.940789] | [-13.020082, -13.007688] | [-69.951874, -69.942353] | [-13.018530, -13.009175] | 17852x17888 | 98.8187 | 2022-02-28 | test |
| Los5Rebeldes | `Los5Rebeldes_corrected.tif` | `Los5Rebeldes_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 43867x76279 | 33334x66668 | 0.030000, 0.030000 | 0.030140, 0.030001 | [-70.672354, -70.660084] | [-13.034336, -13.013573] | [-70.670932, -70.661549] | [-13.032969, -13.014831] | 33490x66672 | 199.9257 | 2022-02-04 | train |
| Nayda | `Nayda_corrected.tif` | `Nayda_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 22677x23480 | 17665x17665 | 0.056610, 0.056610 | 0.057532, 0.057385 | [-69.721603, -69.709746] | [-12.713363, -12.701313] | [-69.720152, -69.710766] | [-12.711798, -12.702607] | 17954x17908 | 101.9933 | 2022-08-04 | val |
| Paolita | `Paolita1_corrected.tif` | `Paolita1_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 58663x33523 | 54108x27055 | 0.055446, 0.055446 | 0.055275, 0.055441 | [-69.630457, -69.600462] | [-12.689889, -12.673012] | [-69.629627, -69.602050] | [-12.688983, -12.675355] | 53943x27054 | 445.5226 | 2022-02-21 | test |
| PlayaMirador1 | `PlayaMirador_corrected.tif` | `PlayaMirador_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 22911x22394 | 17608x17608 | 0.056792, 0.056792 | 0.056840, 0.057298 | [-70.377536, -70.365474] | [-13.063390, -13.051829] | [-70.376072, -70.366793] | [-13.062030, -13.057446] | 17624x8883 | 50.1027 | 2022-03-10 | train |
| PlayaMirador2 | `PlayaMirador_corrected.tif` | `PlayaMirador_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 22911x22394 | 17608x17608 | 0.056792, 0.056792 | 0.056840, 0.057298 | [-70.377536, -70.365474] | [-13.063390, -13.051829] | [-70.376072, -70.366793] | [-13.057446, -13.052861] | 17624x8883 | 50.1021 | 2022-03-10 | val |
| SantaInesDosMil | `SantaInesDosMil_corrected.tif` | `SantaInesDosMil_classified_corrected.tif` | EPSG:32719 | 22883x24295 | 17185x17184 | 0.058193, 0.058193 | 0.058873, 0.058471 | [-70.386657, -70.374307] | [-13.063436, -13.050589] | [-70.385274, -70.375895] | [-13.061789, -13.052656] | 17387x17267 | 100.9625 | 2022-03-10 | test |

## Unified class mapping (ELDOR merged classes)

| Canonical ID | Class | Merged from original IDs | Color swatch | Color (HEX) | Area (ha) | Percentage (%) | Pixel count | Alias names seen in metadata |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | Building | 1,4 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#8A6A3D;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#8A6A3D` | 2.3745 | 0.09 | 6,367,488 | Area urbana; Campamento minero |
| 2 | Mining raft | 2 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#7BEBFB;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#7BEBFB` | 0.1467 | 0.01 | 461,925 | Balsa; Balsa de mineria; Raft |
| 3 | Primary Forest | 3 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#B04C18;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#B04C18` | 961.8239 | 38.45 | 3,308,805,552 | Bosque primario; Primary forest |
| 4 | Heavy machinery | 5,8,9,19 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#EE92C6;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#EE92C6` | 0.0161 | 0.00 | 43,313 | Cargador frontal; Excavadora; Maquinaria pesada; Volquete; Dump truck |
| 5 | Water bodies | 6 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#4F6F6F;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#4F6F6F` | 321.2655 | 12.84 | 1,085,789,506 | Cuerpos de agua |
| 6 | Agricultural crop | 7 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#84D08C;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#84D08C` | 33.5185 | 1.34 | 105,688,237 | Cultivos agricolas; Cultivo agricola; Cultivos; Crops |
| 7 | Compact mounds | 10 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#23F3E3;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#23F3E3` | 66.2310 | 2.65 | 215,787,431 | Monticulo compacto; Compact mound |
| 8 | Gravel mounds | 11 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#585400;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#585400` | 13.2680 | 0.53 | 42,049,847 | Monticulos de cascajo |
| 9 | Grass | 12 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#8DB51D;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#8DB51D` | 28.3472 | 1.13 | 87,888,718 | Pasto |
| 10 | Type 1 natural regeneration | 13 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#C2163A;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#C2163A` | 228.5563 | 9.14 | 660,993,175 | Regeneracion natural tipo 1; Regeneracion tipo 1; Type 1 disturbed vegetation |
| 11 | Type 2 natural regeneration | 14 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#F77757;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#F77757` | 523.1002 | 20.91 | 1,710,062,485 | Regeneracion natural tipo 2; Regeneracion tipo 2; Type 2 disturbed vegetation |
| 12 | Bare ground | 15 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#2CD874;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#2CD874` | 322.9909 | 12.91 | 882,535,708 | Suelo desnudo; Bare soil |
| 13 | Sluice | 16 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#613991;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#613991` | 0.0403 | 0.00 | 126,368 | Tolva; Tolvas; Hopper |
| 14 | Vehicles | 17,18 | <span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;background:#969AAE;border:1px solid #222;"></span> | `#969AAE` | 0.0092 | 0.00 | 85,244 | Vehiculos; Vehiculos pequenos; Vehiculos pequeños; Small Vehicles |

## Label color plan (6-digit HEX)

| ID | Class | HEX |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | Background | `#000000` |
| 1 | Building | `#8A6A3D` |
| 2 | Mining raft | `#7BEBFB` |
| 3 | Primary Forest | `#B04C18` |
| 4 | Heavy machinery | `#EE92C6` |
| 5 | Water bodies | `#4F6F6F` |
| 6 | Agricultural crop | `#84D08C` |
| 7 | Compact mounds | `#23F3E3` |
| 8 | Gravel mounds | `#585400` |
| 9 | Grass | `#8DB51D` |
| 10 | Type 1 natural regeneration | `#C2163A` |
| 11 | Type 2 natural regeneration | `#F77757` |
| 12 | Bare ground | `#2CD874` |
| 13 | Sluice | `#613991` |
| 14 | Vehicles | `#969AAE` |

## Per-site classes using ELDOR merged mapping

| Site | Split | Output ortho PNG | Output label PNG | Output size (W x H px) | Output total pixels | Merged class IDs present | Merged class names present |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- |
| AcumulacionAaron2B | train | `AcumulacionAaron2B.png` | `AcumulacionAaron2B.png` | 38122x17643 | 672,586,446 | 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,11,12,13,14 | Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Heavy machinery; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice; Vehicles |
| Kotsimba | train | `Kotsimba.png` | `Kotsimba.png` | 57328x53959 | 3,093,361,552 | 1,3,5,6,7,10,11,12 | Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |
| Los5Rebeldes | train | `Los5Rebeldes.png` | `Los5Rebeldes.png` | 33490x66672 | 2,232,845,280 | 1,3,5,6,7,10,11,12,14 | Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Vehicles |
| PlayaMirador1 | train | `PlayaMirador1.png` | `PlayaMirador1.png` | 17624x8883 | 156,553,992 | 1,3,5,6,9,10,11,12 | Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Grass; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |
| Clavelito | val | `Clavelito.png` | `Clavelito.png` | 19556x40304 | 788,185,024 | 1,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12 | Building; Primary Forest; Heavy machinery; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Compact mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |
| Nayda | val | `Nayda.png` | `Nayda.png` | 17954x17908 | 321,520,232 | 1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13 | Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice |
| PlayaMirador2 | val | `PlayaMirador2.png` | `PlayaMirador2.png` | 17624x8883 | 156,553,992 | 1,3,5,6,9,10,11,12 | Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Grass; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |
| Anel | test | `Anel.png` | `Anel.png` | 18274x18420 | 336,607,080 | 1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13 | Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice |
| ElEngano | test | `ElEngano.png` | `ElEngano.png` | 17575x17770 | 312,307,750 | 3,5,6,10,11,12 | Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |
| Linda | test | `Linda.png` | `Linda.png` | 17852x17888 | 319,336,576 | 1,2,3,5,10,11,12,13 | Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice |
| Paolita | test | `Paolita.png` | `Paolita.png` | 53943x27054 | 1,459,373,922 | 1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11,12,13 | Building; Mining raft; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Gravel mounds; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground; Sluice |
| SantaInesDosMil | test | `SantaInesDosMil.png` | `SantaInesDosMil.png` | 17387x17267 | 300,221,329 | 1,3,5,6,10,11,12 | Building; Primary Forest; Water bodies; Agricultural crop; Type 1 natural regeneration; Type 2 natural regeneration; Bare ground |

## Generation workflow

- Source orthomosaic/label alignment and original canonical labels come from `GoldMining/Data`.
- ELDOR labels are remapped from the original 19-class canonical IDs into a 14-class merged scheme (stored only under `GoldMDD/data/*/label`).
- Merge rules:
  - `Heavy machinery` = original IDs 5 (Front loader), 8 (Excavator), 9 (Heavy machinery), 19 (Dump truck)
  - `Vehicles` = original IDs 17 (Vehicles), 18 (Small vehicles)
  - `Building` = original IDs 1 (Urban area), 4 (Mining camp)
- Heatmap output: `GoldMDD/site_class_pixel_counts_heatmap_merged.png`
- Heatmap CSV: `GoldMDD/site_class_pixel_counts_merged.csv`
- Train/val/test distribution plot: `GoldMDD/train_val_test_class_distribution_merged.png`
- Train/val/test distribution CSV: `GoldMDD/train_val_test_class_distribution_merged.csv`

## Cropped patch dataset (`data-cropped`)

- Output root: `GoldMDD/data-cropped`
- Patch size: `512x512`
- Stride: `256`
- Filtering rule: drop a patch if background pixels in the merged label (`label==0`) are `>80%`.
- Windowing rule: full windows only (no padding).
- Patch naming: matching basenames per pair, e.g. image `AcumulacionAaron2B_2_3.jpg` and label `AcumulacionAaron2B_2_3.png` (1-based row/col indices).
- Storage format: image patches = JPEG, label patches = PNG (lossless class IDs).
- Folder structure: `train/image`, `train/label`, `val/image`, `val/label`, `test/image`, `test/label`.

### Crop summary by split

| Split | # Sites | Candidate windows | Kept patches | Dropped (>80% bg) | Kept ratio |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| train | 4 | 91,869 | 65,798 | 26,071 | 0.716 |
| val | 3 | 18,603 | 15,988 | 2,615 | 0.859 |
| test | 5 | 40,172 | 40,095 | 77 | 0.998 |
| **Total** | **12** | **150,644** | **121,881** | **28,763** | **0.809** |

### Crop summary by site

| Split | Site | Source size (W x H) | Candidate windows | Kept patches | Dropped (>80% bg) | Kept ratio |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| train | AcumulacionAaron2B | 38122x17643 | 9,849 | 9,849 | 0 | 1.000 |
| train | Kotsimba | 57328x53959 | 46,398 | 20,327 | 26,071 | 0.438 |
| train | Los5Rebeldes | 33490x66672 | 33,411 | 33,411 | 0 | 1.000 |
| train | PlayaMirador1 | 17624x8883 | 2,211 | 2,211 | 0 | 1.000 |
| val | Clavelito | 19556x40304 | 11,700 | 9,085 | 2,615 | 0.776 |
| val | Nayda | 17954x17908 | 4,692 | 4,692 | 0 | 1.000 |
| val | PlayaMirador2 | 17624x8883 | 2,211 | 2,211 | 0 | 1.000 |
| test | Anel | 18274x18420 | 4,900 | 4,890 | 10 | 0.998 |
| test | ElEngano | 17575x17770 | 4,556 | 4,556 | 0 | 1.000 |
| test | Linda | 17852x17888 | 4,624 | 4,577 | 47 | 0.990 |
| test | Paolita | 53943x27054 | 21,736 | 21,716 | 20 | 0.999 |
| test | SantaInesDosMil | 17387x17267 | 4,356 | 4,356 | 0 | 1.000 |

- Summary CSVs:
  - `GoldMDD/data-cropped/crop_summary_by_split.csv`
  - `GoldMDD/data-cropped/crop_summary_by_site.csv`