---
license: gfdl
task_categories:
- text-generation
language:
- en
tags:
- OSTI
- Scientific
- Documents
- Tech
- Reposrts
- Conference
- GNU
pretty_name: osti
---
# DOE OSTI Technical Reports & Conference Papers

> **558,050 scientific documents** from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), with lazy full-text pointers to DOE-hosted PDFs.

---

## 📊 Dataset Overview

| Statistic | Value |
|-----------|-------|
| **Total Records** | 558,050 |
| **Technical Reports** | 311,823 |
| **Conference Papers** | 246,227 |
| **With Full-Text Available** | 558,050 (100%) |
| **Date Range** | 1943 – Present |
| **Metadata Size** | ~348 MB (Parquet) |
| **Estimated PDF Corpus** | ~80–150 GB |
| **Source** | [OSTI.GOV API v1](https://www.osti.gov/api/v1/docs) |

This dataset was harvested using the **Lazy Pointer** architecture: metadata and full-text URLs are stored locally, while actual PDFs can be fetched on-demand or batched later.

---

## 🏗️ Architecture

```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  YOUR MACHINE (30GB RAM, 20GB Disk)                         │
│  ┌──────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐              │
│  │  Metadata Harvest │───▶│  SQLite / Parquet │              │
│  │  (REST API)       │    │  (348 MB)         │              │
│  └──────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘              │
│           │                                                │
│           ▼                                                │
│  ┌──────────────────┐                                     │
│  │  Lazy Pointers   │  ──▶  Full-Text URLs only          │
│  │  (osti_id, url)  │      No PDFs stored locally          │
│  └──────────────────┘                                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                           │
                           ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  HUGGING FACE (8TB Storage)                                 │
│  ┌──────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐              │
│  │  Metadata        │    │  PDFs (optional) │              │
│  │  osti_metadata   │    │  pdfs/{id}.pdf   │              │
│  │  .parquet        │    │  (streamed)      │              │
│  └──────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

**Why Lazy Pointers?**
- Your local machine has **20GB disk** — can't hold 100GB+ of PDFs
- Your **30GB RAM** is used for streaming API responses, not buffering entire datasets
- **8TB HF storage** becomes the actual corpus repository
- PDFs are fetched later on a bigger machine, or on-demand for specific records

---

## 📁 Files

| File | Description | Size |
|------|-------------|------|
| `osti_metadata.parquet` | Core dataset with all metadata + lazy pointers | ~348 MB |
| `osti_metadata.sqlite` | SQLite source (optional, for local querying) | ~1 GB |

---

## 📋 Schema

```python
{
    "osti_id": 944980,                          # Unique OSTI identifier
    "title": "EnergyPlus Analysis Capabilities...",  # Document title
    "authors": '["Author 1", "Author 2"]',       # JSON list of authors
    "abstract": "Worldwide interest in...",      # Abstract / description
    "doi": "10.2172/944980",                   # DOI (if journal article)
    "product_type": "Technical Report",         # Document category
    "publication_date": "2002-09-01",           # ISO-8601 date
    "subjects": '["energy", "building"]',       # JSON list of keywords
    "fulltext_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/944980",  # PDF URL
    "pdf_downloaded": 0,                         # 0 = not yet fetched, 1 = fetched
    "harvested_at": "20260719_163215"           # Harvest batch timestamp
}
```

### Product Types

| Type | Count | Full-Text Source |
|------|-------|------------------|
| **Technical Report** | 311,823 | DOE-hosted (direct PDF) ✅ |
| **Conference** | 246,227 | DOE-hosted (direct PDF) ✅ |

> **Note:** Journal Articles were excluded from this harvest because their full text lives on publisher sites (paywalled), not OSTI servers.

---

## 🚀 Quick Start

### Load Metadata

```python
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_parquet("osti/osti_metadata.parquet")
print(f"Total records: {len(df)}")

# Filter by subject
solar = df[df['subjects'].str.contains('solar', case=False, na=False)]
print(f"Solar energy docs: {len(solar)}")

# Get a specific PDF URL
url = df[df['osti_id'] == 944980]['fulltext_url'].values[0]
print(url)  # https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/944980
```

### Download a Single PDF

```python
import requests

osti_id = 944980
url = f"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/{osti_id}"

resp = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open(f"{osti_id}.pdf", "wb") as f:
    for chunk in resp.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
        f.write(chunk)
```

### Batch Download (for big machines)

```python
# Stream PDFs directly to Hugging Face without touching local disk
from huggingface_hub import HfApi
import requests

api = HfApi()
repo_id = "your-username/osti-pdfs"

for _, row in df.iterrows():
    resp = requests.get(row['fulltext_url'], stream=True)
    if resp.status_code == 200:
        api.upload_file(
            path_or_fileobj=resp.content,
            path_in_repo=f"pdfs/{row['osti_id']}.pdf",
            repo_id=repo_id,
            repo_type="dataset"
        )
```

---

## 🔍 Search & Filter Examples

```python
# By product type
trs = df[df['product_type'] == 'Technical Report']

# By date range
recent = df[df['publication_date'] >= '2020-01-01']

# By keyword in abstract
fusion = df[df['abstract'].str.contains('fusion', case=False, na=False)]

# By subject tag
nuclear = df[df['subjects'].str.contains('nuclear', case=False, na=False)]

# By DOE contract number (in abstract or title)
contract = df[df['abstract'].str.contains('DE-AC02', case=False, na=False)]
```

---

## 🛠️ How This Dataset Was Built

### Hardware Constraints
- **RAM:** 30 GB
- **Local Disk:** 20 GB
- **CPU:** 4 v-cores
- **Remote Storage:** 8 TB (Hugging Face)

### Harvest Process

1. **Reconnaissance** — Queried OSTI API to count records per `product_type` with `has_fulltext=true`
2. **Metadata Harvest** — Streamed 558K records via REST API (500 records/page), parsed with `ijson`, stored in SQLite
3. **Checkpointing** — Saved `last_page` after every API request to survive crashes
4. **Compression** — Converted SQLite to Parquet with PyArrow row-group chunking to optimize memory
5. **Upload** — Pushed Parquet to Hugging Face, freed local disk

### Rate Limiting
- Conservative: **1 request per second** to OSTI servers
- Retries with exponential backoff on 429/500 errors
- Total harvest time: ~40 minutes for 558K metadata records

---

## 📚 OSTI Subject Areas Covered

This dataset spans all 14 DOE subject areas:

1. Biology and Medicine
2. Chemistry
3. Energy Storage, Conversion, and Utilization
4. Engineering
5. Environmental Sciences
6. Fission and Nuclear Technologies
7. Fossil Fuels
8. Geosciences
9. Materials
10. Mathematics and Computing
11. National Defense
12. Physics
13. Power Generation and Distribution
14. Renewable Energy

---

## ⚠️ Important Notes

- **Full-text PDFs are NOT included in this repo.** Only URLs (lazy pointers) are stored.
- PDFs are hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy and are generally **public domain** or **government work**.
- Some very old records may have scanned PDFs (image-only, no text layer).
- Journal Articles with DOIs are excluded — their full text lives on publisher sites.

---

## 📜 License & Attribution

**Metadata:** Harvested from the [OSTI.GOV API](https://www.osti.gov/api/v1/docs), a U.S. government service. Metadata is in the public domain.

**Full-Text PDFs:** Hosted by OSTI. Most DOE-funded research is public domain or available under open-access terms. Verify individual documents for specific licensing.

**Dataset Citation:**
```bibtex
@dataset{osti_technical_reports_2026,
  title        = {DOE OSTI Technical Reports and Conference Papers (558K Records)},
  author       = {OSTI.GOV},
  year         = 2026,
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/your-username/osti-technical-reports}}
}
```

---

## 🔗 Related Links

- [OSTI.GOV](https://www.osti.gov) — Official DOE science search portal
- [OSTI API Docs](https://www.osti.gov/api/v1/docs) — REST API documentation
- [SciTech Connect (Retired)](https://www.osti.gov/scitech) — Legacy interface
- [DOE Data Explorer](https://www.osti.gov/doedataexplorer) — Related data repository

---

## 🤝 Contributing

This is a living dataset. To contribute:

1. **Expand coverage** — Add more product types (Patents, Theses, Books)
2. **Enrich metadata** — Extract text from PDFs, add embeddings, tag entities
3. **Build downstream datasets** — Create domain-specific subsets (e.g., only renewable energy)
4. **Report issues** — Open an issue if you find broken full-text URLs

---

*Built with 16GB RAM, 1TB disk, 12 v-cores, and 8TB of Hugging Face storage. No scraping — just polite API harvesting.* 🚀