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README.md
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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- scientific-integrity
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- fraud-detection
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- peer-review
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- research-ethics
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- benchmark
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size_categories:
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- n<1K
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---
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# SciPeerBench v1.1
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**World's first multi-dimensional scientific fraud detection benchmark.**
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No other dataset labels papers across 14 fraud dimensions simultaneously.
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## Stats
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| Property | Value |
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|----------|-------|
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| Total papers | 644 |
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| Fraud papers | 286 |
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| Clean papers | 358 |
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| Columns | 35 |
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| Fraud dimensions | 14 |
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| Year range | 1998–2026 |
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## Why This Dataset is Unique
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Every existing fraud dataset does binary labeling — fraud or not fraud.
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SciPeerBench labels each paper across **14 dimensions** — statistical fraud,
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figure manipulation, citation rings, LLM detection, and more.
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Nobody has done this before.
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## Categories
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| Category | Count | Description |
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|----------|-------|-------------|
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| CONFIRMED_FRAUD | 286 | PubMed retracted + CrossRef verified |
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| CLEAN | 223 | High quality multi-field papers |
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| SUSPECTED_FRAUD | 109 | Journal expressions of concern |
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| BORDERLINE | 16 | Famous disputed cases |
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| BASELINE_ELITE | 10 | Nobel Prize and landmark papers |
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## 14 Fraud Dimensions Per Paper
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| Column | What it detects |
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|--------|----------------|
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| stat_audit_score | p-hacking, sample size issues |
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| figure_forensics_score | image duplication, manipulation |
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| methodology_score | causation claims, missing controls |
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| citation_score | self-citation rings |
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| reproducibility_score | code and data availability |
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| novelty_score | incremental vs novel work |
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| grim_score | mathematically impossible means |
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| sprite_score | impossible distributions |
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| granularity_score | Benford law violations |
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| pcurve_score | publication bias |
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| effect_size_score | inflated effect sizes |
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| retraction_score | cited retracted papers |
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| cartel_score | citation ring networks |
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| llm_score | AI-generated paper detection |
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## Famous Fraud Cases Included
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- **Wakefield 1998** (The Lancet) — vaccines-autism data fabrication
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- **LaCour 2014** (Science) — survey data never existed
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- **Obokata 2014** (Nature) — STAP cells image manipulation
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- **Stapel** — 58 psychology papers fabricated over 10 years
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## Data Sources
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- PubMed `Retracted Publication[pt]` — US National Library of Medicine
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- CrossRef `update-type:retraction` — publisher verified DOI registry
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- PubMed `Expression of Concern[pt]` — journal flagged papers
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- Manual curation — court and media verified fraud cases
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## Associated Project
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Built to train **SciPeerAI-7B** — world's first scientific integrity LLM.
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- Live demo: https://scipeerai-ui.vercel.app
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- API: https://web-production-f526d.up.railway.app/docs
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- GitHub: https://github.com/Abu-Sameer-66/SciPeerAI
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@dataset{nadeem2026scipeerai_bench,
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author = {Nadeem, Sameer},
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title = {SciPeerBench: Multi-dimensional Scientific Fraud Detection Benchmark},
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year = {2026},
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publisher = {Hugging Face},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/Abu-Sameer-66/SciPeerBench}
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}
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```
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## License
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CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution.
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