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README.md
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Our attention architecture uses **Grouped-Query Attention (GQA)** with 4 query heads and 1 key-value head (a 4:1 head ratio).
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In a 1.5M parameter model, memory bandwidth is already very fast, but the GQA layout forces the model to compress its keys and values into a shared latent subspace. This acts as a regularizer, preventing individual attention heads from developing isolated representations that lead to early overfitting on the pre-training corpus.
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## ⚓ The Attention Sink Anchor
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Our attention architecture uses **Grouped-Query Attention (GQA)** with 4 query heads and 1 key-value head (a 4:1 head ratio).
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In a 1.5M parameter model, memory bandwidth is already very fast, but the GQA layout forces the model to compress its keys and values into a shared latent subspace. This acts as a regularizer, preventing individual attention heads from developing isolated representations that lead to early overfitting on the pre-training corpus.
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## 📚 The Data & Training Volume: High-Density Saturation
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To get this level of coherence out of 1.49M parameters, I had to ensure the pre-training data was highly dense. I streamed and packed roughly **300,000 unique stories** from the TinyStoriesV2 dataset, creating a clean base corpus of about **54 million unique tokens**.
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While the full training run was scheduled for 113,400 steps, I found the optimal weights at **Step 101,000**.
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At this release point, with an effective batch size of **64** and a context window of **320 tokens**, the model had processed exactly **2,068,480,000 tokens** (~2.07 Billion tokens).
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This means the model cycled through the 300,000-story corpus for approximately **38 full epochs**. This massive overtraining density—averaging over 1,300 tokens processed for every single parameter in the model—is what allowed the Nano version to achieve its final **1.5177 validation loss** (4.56 Perplexity) and lock in its stable grammatical footing.
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## ⚓ The Attention Sink Anchor
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